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  <journal issn="1017-6616" />
  <issue number="4" volume="40" year="2024" publicationDate="2024-12-27" numberOfArticles="9">
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>Küçük Testiküler Lezyonlarda Testis Koruyucu Cerrahi: Fonksiyonel ve Onkolojik Sonuçlar</title>
        <abstract>Ama&amp;ccedil;: Testik&amp;uuml;ler germ h&amp;uuml;creli t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;rler, d&amp;uuml;nya &amp;ccedil;apında artış eğilimi g&amp;ouml;steren, 20-34 yaş arası erkek pop&amp;uuml;lasyonunda en sık g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len solid t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;rlerdir. Testis kitlelerinde altın standart birinci basamak tedavi radikal orşiektomidir. Ancak radikal orşiektomi &amp;ouml;zellikle gen&amp;ccedil; hastalarda beden imajı bozukluklarına, cinsel işlev bozukluklarına ve infertiliteye neden olabilir. Avrupa &amp;Uuml;roloji Derneği kılavuzlarında t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r belirte&amp;ccedil;leri negatif olan k&amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;k testik&amp;uuml;ler kitlelerde aşırı tedaviyi &amp;ouml;nlemek ve testis fonksiyonlarını korumak i&amp;ccedil;in testis koruyucu cerrahinin ( TKC) uygulanabileceği belirtilmektedir. &amp;Ccedil;alışmamızda kliniğimizdeki testis koruyucu cerrahi deneyimlerimizi değerlendirmeyi, onkolojik ve fonksiyonel sonu&amp;ccedil;ları &amp;ouml;zetlemeyi ama&amp;ccedil;ladık.
Gere&amp;ccedil;ler ve Y&amp;ouml;ntemler: Kliniğimizde 2008-2023 yılları arasında testis t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; nedeniyle TKC uygulanan hastalar &amp;ccedil;alışmaya dahil edildi. &amp;Ccedil;alışmaya tek testiste t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;, iki taraflı testis t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; olan hastalar ile karşı testisi normal olan ve t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; 2 cm&amp;rsquo;den az veya testis hacminin %30&amp;#39;undan az olan hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik verileri, t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r &amp;ouml;zellikleri ve takip verileri toplandı ve istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: TKC uygulanan toplam 26 hasta değerlendirildi. Dokuz hastada Germ H&amp;uuml;creli T&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r (GHT ), 17 hastada ise benign testik&amp;uuml;ler kitle tespit edildi. Ortalama hasta yaşı 25&amp;plusmn;6.1 (18-69) yıldı. Ortalama t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r boyutu 12.9&amp;plusmn;4.4 (7-24) mm idi. GHT&amp;rsquo;li hastalar ortalama 21.8&amp;plusmn;7.8 (10-36) ay takip edildi. Bir hastada takipte lokal n&amp;uuml;ks g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml; ve radikal orşiektomi uygulandı. Takip s&amp;uuml;resince diğer hastalarda n&amp;uuml;ks veya metastaz g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmedi. Benign lezyonlar 21.5&amp;plusmn;9.3 (10-38) ay s&amp;uuml;reyle takip edildi. Lokal n&amp;uuml;ks g&amp;ouml;zlenmedi. Ameliyat sonrası testosteron d&amp;uuml;zeylerinde anlamlı bir azalma olmadı (p=0.3).
Sonu&amp;ccedil;: Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada TKC ile benign testik&amp;uuml;ler t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;rler i&amp;ccedil;in m&amp;uuml;kemmel klinik sonu&amp;ccedil;lar elde edildi. Ayrıca germ h&amp;uuml;creli t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml; olan hastalarda TKC g&amp;uuml;venli ve etkin bir tedavi se&amp;ccedil;eneği olarak &amp;ouml;nerilebilir. Ancak TKC&amp;#39;nin potansiyel riskleri ve yararları konusunda daha geniş hasta verilerini i&amp;ccedil;eren daha fazla seriye ihtiya&amp;ccedil; vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilateral testis t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;, germ h&amp;uuml;creli t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r, soliter testis, testis koruyucu cerrahi</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>159</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>165</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01703</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>bilateral testis tümörü</keyword>
          <keyword>germ hücreli tümör</keyword>
          <keyword>soliter testis</keyword>
          <keyword>testis koruyucu cerrahi</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>Testicular Sparing Surgery in Small Testicular Lesions: Functional and Oncological Outcomes</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate our testis-sparing surgery ( TSS) experiences in our clinic and outline its oncological and functional outcomes.
Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent TSS due to testicular mass in our clinic between 2008 and 2023 were included in the study. Patients with a mass in solitary testis, bilateral testicular mass as well as patients with a normal contralateral testis and a mass of less than 2 cm or less than 30% of the testicular volume were included in the study. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed statistically.
Results: A total of 26 patients who underwent TSS were evaluated. Germ Cell Tumor (GCT ) was detected in 9 patients, and benign testicular mass was detected in 17 patients. The mean patient age was 25&amp;plusmn;6.1 (18-69) years. The mean tumor size was 12.9&amp;plusmn;4.4 (range 7-24) mm in all patients. Patients with GCTs were followed up for a mean of 21.8&amp;plusmn;7.8 (10-36) months. Local recurrence was observed in one patient during follow-up, and radical orchiectomy was performed. No recurrence or metastasis was observed in other patients during the follow-up period. Benign lesions were followed up for 21.5&amp;plusmn;9.3 (10-38) months. Recurrence was not observed. There was no significant decrease in testosterone levels after surgery (p=0.3).
Conclusions: Excellent outcomes for benign tumors using TSS were obtained in the present study. TSS could be suggested as a safe and effective treatment option in patients with germ cell tumors, as in the present study. However, more data regarding the potential risks and benefits of TSS with a larger patient series is needed.
Keywords: Bilateral testicular tumor, germ cell tumor, solitary testis, testis sparing surgery</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>159</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>165</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01703</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>bilateral testicular tumor</keyword>
          <keyword>germ cell tumor</keyword>
          <keyword>solitary testis</keyword>
          <keyword>testis sparing surgery</keyword>
          <keyword>
          </keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>Muzaffer</name>
          <surname>Kılınç</surname>
          <email>m.tanselkilinc@gmail.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Konya şehir hastanesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-1024-3394</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Haider</name>
          <surname>Alalam</surname>
          <email>hayderal-alim@hotmail.com</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0001-9941-3427</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Ömer</name>
          <surname>Çavdar</surname>
          <email>om.far.cav@gmail.com</email>
          <order>3</order>
          <instituteAffiliation> NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-1794-6367</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Mehmet</name>
          <surname>PİŞKİN</surname>
          <email>drmesutpiskin@gmail.com</email>
          <order>4</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicinei</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-0528-6699</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>YUNUS</name>
          <surname>GÖGER</surname>
          <email>dr_yegoger@yahoo.com</email>
          <order>5</order>
          <instituteAffiliation> Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-4480-9093</ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>PRETERM PREMATÜR MEMBRAN RÜPTÜRÜNDE CRP-ALBÜMİN ORANI VE NÖTROFİL-LENFOSİT ORANININ PREDİKTİF DEĞERİ</title>
        <abstract>Ama&amp;ccedil;: Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada, Crp-Albumin oranı (CAR), N&amp;ouml;trofil-Lenfosit oranı (NLR), Trombosit-Lenfosit oranı (PLR) ile Premat&amp;uuml;re Preterm Membran R&amp;uuml;pt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; (PPROM) arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;ladık.
Gere&amp;ccedil;ler ve Y&amp;ouml;ntemler: Bu prospektif &amp;ccedil;alışmanın &amp;ouml;rneklemini Ocak 2021 Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında Necmettin Erbakan &amp;Uuml;niversitesi Tıp Fak&amp;uuml;ltesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniğine poliklinik veya acil servisten su gelmesi şikayeti ile başvuran ve 24-37. gebelik haftalarında Premat&amp;uuml;re Membran R&amp;uuml;pt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml; tanısı ile doğum yapan 143 gebe oluşturmaktadır. Kontrol grubunu ise spontan preterm doğumu başlayan ve PPROM tanısı olmayan 108 gebe oluşturmaktadır. Demografik veriler, tam kan sayımı sonu&amp;ccedil;ları kaydedildi ve karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Hastaların temel demografik &amp;ouml;zelliklerini incelediğimizde gruplar arasında yaş, gravida, parite, gestasyonel yaş a&amp;ccedil;ısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (sırasıyla p=0.881, p=0.888, p=0.912, p=0.916). PPROM grubunda CAR ve NLR kontrol grubuyla kıyaslandığında istatiksel olarak anlamlı derecede y&amp;uuml;ksek bulunmuştur (Her iki oran i&amp;ccedil;in de p&amp;lt;0.001). CAR&amp;rsquo;ın PPROM&amp;#39;u teşhis etme yeteneği, ROC eğrisi analizi kullanılarak değerlendirildiğinde AUC 0,734&amp;#39;d&amp;uuml;r (p&amp;lt;0,001). PPROM ve kontrol grubunda CAR i&amp;ccedil;in cut off değer %64,81 duyarlılık ve %73,97 &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml;kle 0.1433 olarak bulundu. NLR&amp;rsquo;nin PPROM&amp;#39;u teşhis etme yeteneği, ROC eğrisi analizi kullanılarak değerlendirildiğinde AUC 0,650&amp;#39;dir (p&amp;lt;0,001). Gruplar arasında NLR i&amp;ccedil;in cutt off değer %49,59 duyarlılık ve %87,67 &amp;ouml;zg&amp;uuml;ll&amp;uuml;kle 5,3937 olarak tespit edildi. PLR ise gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir (p= 0.121).
Sonu&amp;ccedil;: CAR ve NLR, maternal ve neonatal iyilik halinin sağlanmasına yardımcı olabilecek, PPROM&amp;#39;un erken teşhisi i&amp;ccedil;in kullanılabilecek uygun maliyetli, kullanımı kolay ve pratik bir belirte&amp;ccedil; olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Alb&amp;uuml;min, CRP/alb&amp;uuml;min oranı, premat&amp;uuml;re preterm membran r&amp;uuml;pt&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;, n&amp;ouml;trofil/lenfosit oranı, trombosit/lenfosit oranı</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>171</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>176</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01751</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>albümin</keyword>
          <keyword>crp/albümin oranı</keyword>
          <keyword>prematüre preterm membran rüptürü</keyword>
          <keyword>nötrofil/lenfosit oranı</keyword>
          <keyword>trombosit/lenfosit oranı</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>PREDICTIVE VALUE OF CRP-ALBUMIN AND NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 143 pregnant women diagnosed with PPROM between 24 and 37 weeks of gestation who presented with leakage of fluid to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine between January 2021 and July 2021. The control group consisted of 108 pregnant women with spontaneous preterm birth without PPROM. Demographic data and complete blood count results were recorded and compared.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding age, gravidity, parity, and gestational age (p=0.881, p=0.888, p=0.912, p=0.916, respectively). CAR and NLR were significantly higher in the PPROM group compared to the control group (p&amp;lt;0.001 for both ratios). The ability of CAR to diagnose PPROM, evaluated using ROC curve analysis, yielded an AUC of 0.734 (p&amp;lt;0.001). The cut-off value for CAR was 0.1433 with 64.81% sensitivity and 73.97% specificity. The ability of NLR to diagnose PPROM, evaluated using ROC curve analysis, yielded an AUC of 0.650 (p&amp;lt;0.001). The cut-off value for NLR was 5.3937 with 49.59% sensitivity and 87.67% specificity. There was no significant difference in PLR between the groups (p=0.121).
Conclusion: CAR and NLR may be cost-effective, easy-to-use, and practical markers for the early diagnosis of PPROM, which could contribute to improved maternal and neonatal well-being.
Keywords: Albumin, CRP/Albumin Ratio, Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>171</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>176</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01751</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>albumin</keyword>
          <keyword>crp/albumin ratio</keyword>
          <keyword>preterm premature rupture of membranes</keyword>
          <keyword>neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio</keyword>
          <keyword>platelet/lymphocyte ratio</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>MURAT</name>
          <surname>IŞIKALAN</surname>
          <email>muratisikalan@gmail.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>ADIYAMAN EĞİTİM VE ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>
          </ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>KAZIM</name>
          <surname>GEZGİNÇ</surname>
          <email>kazimgezginc@hotmail.com</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>
          </ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Kübra</name>
          <surname>Gündoğan</surname>
          <email>kubramerdogan@gmail.com</email>
          <order>3</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>YOZGAT ŞEHİR HASTANESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0001-9049-3440</ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>Hormon replasman tedavisi, kombine oral kontraseptifler ve yalnızca progestin içeren hapların prospektüslerinin okunabilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi: Analitik Araştırma: Kesitsel Çalışma</title>
        <abstract>Ama&amp;ccedil;: Yazılı bir metnin anlaşılması, okunabilirliği ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Okunabilirliği objektif bir şekilde &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;mek i&amp;ccedil;in belirli form&amp;uuml;ller vardır. İla&amp;ccedil; prospekt&amp;uuml;slerinin okunabilirliği de halk sağlığı a&amp;ccedil;ısından &amp;ouml;nemlidir. &amp;Ouml;zellikle re&amp;ccedil;etesiz satılan ve doğrudan temin edilebilen ila&amp;ccedil;larda bu prospekt&amp;uuml;slerin anlaşılabilirliği ve okunabilirliği daha da &amp;ouml;nem arz etmektedir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada hormon replasman tedavisi (HRT), kombine oral kontraseptiflerin (COCP) ve sadece progestin i&amp;ccedil;eren hapların (POP) prospekt&amp;uuml;slerinin okunabilirlik d&amp;uuml;zeyinin belirlenmesi ama&amp;ccedil;lanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: T&amp;uuml;rkiye İla&amp;ccedil; ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu&amp;#39; nun resmi web sitesinden eczanelerde satılan ve kadınların kullanabildiği t&amp;uuml;m re&amp;ccedil;etesiz ve re&amp;ccedil;eteli hormon preparatlarının listesini oluşturdu. T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;rsquo; de re&amp;ccedil;eteli veye re&amp;ccedil;etesiz olarak satılan hormon preparatları i&amp;ccedil;eriklerine g&amp;ouml;re HRT, COCP ve POP olarak &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;e yarıldı. İla&amp;ccedil; prospekt&amp;uuml;s metinleri okunabilirlik hesaplama motoruna aktarıldı ve metinlerindeki hece, kelime ve c&amp;uuml;mle sayıları hesaplandı. T&amp;uuml;rk&amp;ccedil;e metinler i&amp;ccedil;in ge&amp;ccedil;erli olan Ateşman, Bezirci-Yılmaz ve &amp;Ccedil;etinkaya-Uzun okunabilirlik form&amp;uuml;lleri, bu metinleri değerlendirmek i&amp;ccedil;in kullanıldı. Araştırma, %5 &amp;ccedil;ift y&amp;ouml;nl&amp;uuml; anlamlılık sınırı ve %95 g&amp;uuml;ven d&amp;uuml;zeyi ile ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: &amp;Uuml;&amp;ccedil; ila&amp;ccedil; grubu i&amp;ccedil;in Ateşman okunabilirlik endeksinin ortalama değerleri 70,5 ile 71,3 arasında olduk&amp;ccedil;a benzerdir (p=0.690). &amp;Ccedil;etinkaya-Uzun okunabilirlik endeksinin ortalama değerleri, 49,9 ile 50,7 arasında olduk&amp;ccedil;a benzerdir (p = 0,627). Bezirci-Yılmaz, &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; ila&amp;ccedil; grubu i&amp;ccedil;in okunabilirlik endeksinin iki kategoriye ayrıldığını g&amp;ouml;stermektedir: 7-8 sınıf ve 9-10 sınıf. Her bir ila&amp;ccedil; grubuna ait prospekt&amp;uuml;slerin &amp;ccedil;oğunluğunun 7-8 sınıf kategorisine girdiğini, prospekt&amp;uuml;slerin okunmasının ve anlaşılmasının olduk&amp;ccedil;a kolay olduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. &amp;Uuml;&amp;ccedil; farklı ila&amp;ccedil; grubu i&amp;ccedil;in Bezirci-Yılmaz okunabilirlik endeksi arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktur (p=0.534).
Sonu&amp;ccedil;: T&amp;uuml;rkiye&amp;#39;deki ortalama eğitim seviyesi g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne alındığında bu preparatraların prospekt&amp;uuml;slerinin okunabilirlik seviyesi y&amp;uuml;ksektir. İla&amp;ccedil; prospekt&amp;uuml;slerinin ortalama eğitim seviyesine g&amp;ouml;re yazılması okunabilirliğini ve dolayısıyla anlaşılabilirliğini artıracaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hormon replasman tedavisi, kombine oral kontraseptifler, okunabilirlik, prospekt&amp;uuml;s, sadece progestin i&amp;ccedil;eren haplar</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>185</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>191</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01756</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>hormon replasman tedavisi</keyword>
          <keyword>
          </keyword>
          <keyword>kombine oral kontraseptifler</keyword>
          <keyword>okunabilirlik</keyword>
          <keyword>prospektüs</keyword>
          <keyword>sadece progestin içeren haplar</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>Evaluation of the readability of the package inserts of hormone replacement therapy, combined oral contraceptives, and progestin-only pills: Analytical Research: Cross-Sectional Study</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT
Aim: The comprehension of a written text is directly related to its readability. There are specific formulas to objectively measure readability. The readability of package leaflets is also important for public health. This study aimed to determine the readability level of the package inserts of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), combined oral contraceptives (COCP), and progestin-only pills (POP).
Material and Method: The official website of the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency created a list of all over-the-counter and prescription hormone preparations that are sold in pharmacies and can be used by women. Hormone preparations sold with or without a prescription in Turkey are divided into three groups according to their content: HRT, COCP, and POP. Ateşman, Bezirci-Yılmaz, and &amp;Ccedil;etinkaya-Uzun readability formulas, which are valid for Turkish texts, were used to evaluate these texts. The research was conducted with a two-sided 5% significance level and a 95% confidence level.
Results: The mean values of the Ateşman readability index for the three drug groups were quite similar, between 70.5 and 71.3 (p = 0.690). The mean values of the &amp;Ccedil;etinkaya-Uzun readability index were quite similar, between 49.9 and 50.7 (p = 0.627). Bezirci-Yılmaz shows that the readability index for the three drug groups is divided into two categories: 7-8 grade and 9-10 grade. The majority of the package inserts for each drug group fall into the 7-8 grade category, indicating that the package inserts are quite easy to read and understand. There is no significant difference between the Bezirci-Yılmaz readability index for three different drug groups (p = 0.534).
Conclusion: Considering the average level of education in Turkey, the readability level of the package inserts for these preparations is high. Adjusting the language and structure of package inserts to align with the average education level will increase the readability and, therefore, the comprehensibility. Future studies could incorporate factors such as visual presentation and user feedback to enhance the comprehensibility of package inserts.
Keywords: Hormone replacement therapy, combined oral contraceptives, readability, package insert, progestin-only pills</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>185</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>191</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01756</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>hormone replacement therapy</keyword>
          <keyword>combined oral contraceptives</keyword>
          <keyword>readability</keyword>
          <keyword>package insert</keyword>
          <keyword>progestin-only pills</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>YUSUF</name>
          <surname>DAL</surname>
          <email>dryusufdal@gmail.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0001-7162-4644</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>FATİH</name>
          <surname>AKKUŞ</surname>
          <email>fakkus1987@gmail.com</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Kütahya Şehir Hastanesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0001-7037-9165</ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>Maküler Pigment Optik Yoğunluğuna Farklı Doz Lutein Ve Zeaksantinin Etkisi</title>
        <abstract>Ama&amp;ccedil;: Sağlıklı bireylerde, iki farklı lutein ve zeaksantin dozunun mak&amp;uuml;ler pigment optik yoğunluk (MPOY) &amp;uuml;zerindeki etkilerini heterokromatik fliker fotometre (MPS II) y&amp;ouml;ntemi ile değerlendirmek.
Gere&amp;ccedil;ler ve Y&amp;ouml;ntemler: 20 sağlıklı bireyin 20 sağ g&amp;ouml;z&amp;uuml; &amp;ccedil;alışma kapsamına alındı. Olgular eşit sayıda olmak &amp;uuml;zere randomize iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1&amp;rsquo;deki olgular 5 mg lutein ve 1 mg zeaksantin takviyesi alırken Grup 2&amp;rsquo;deki olgular 10 mg lutein ve 2 mg zeaksantin takviyesi aldı. Grup 1 ve Grup 2 olgularda takviye &amp;ouml;ncesi ve takviye sonrası 1.ay MPOY değerleri karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Olguların yaş ortalaması grup 1&amp;rsquo;de 34.0&amp;plusmn;6.9 iken grup 2&amp;rsquo;de 33.4&amp;plusmn;6.8 idi. Grup 1&amp;rsquo;deki olguların sağ g&amp;ouml;zlerinin destek tedavisi &amp;ouml;ncesi ve destek tedavisi sonrası 1.ay MPOY değerleri sırasıyla ortalama 0.41&amp;plusmn;0.09 ve 0.41&amp;plusmn;0.10 olarak &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;. Sol g&amp;ouml;zlerinin destek tedavisi &amp;ouml;ncesi ve destek tedavisi sonrası 1.ay MPOY değerleri ise sırasıyla ortalama 0.44&amp;plusmn;0.14 ve 0.42&amp;plusmn;0.12 olarak &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;. Grup 2&amp;rsquo;deki olguların sağ g&amp;ouml;zlerinin destek tedavisi &amp;ouml;ncesi ve destek tedavisi sonrası 1.ay MPOY değerleri sırasıyla ortalama 0.39&amp;plusmn;0.10 ve 0.37&amp;plusmn;0.11 olarak &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;. Sol g&amp;ouml;zlerinin destek tedavisi &amp;ouml;ncesi ve destek tedavisi sonrası 1.ay MPOY değerleri ise sırasıyla ortalama 0.41&amp;plusmn;0.12 ve 0.39&amp;plusmn;0.11 olarak &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;. Değerler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p&amp;gt;0.05).
Sonu&amp;ccedil;: Sağlıklı bireylerde, 5 mg lutein ve 1 mg zeaksantin takviyesinin (Grup 1) ve 10 mg lutein ve 2 mg zeaksantin takviyesinin (Grup 2) MPOY &amp;uuml;zerine 1.ayda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkisi bulunmamıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hetereokromatik fliker fotometre, l&amp;uuml;tein, mak&amp;uuml;ler pigment optik yoğunluk, zeaksantin</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>166</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>170</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01711</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>hetereokromatik fliker fotometre</keyword>
          <keyword>lütein</keyword>
          <keyword>maküler pigment optik yoğunluk</keyword>
          <keyword>zeaksantin</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>Effect of Different Doses of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Macular Pigment Optical Density</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate the effects of two different doses of lutein and zeaxanthin on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in healthy subjects using heterochromatic flicker photometer (MPS II) method.
Materials and Methods: 20 right eyes of 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups with equal numbers. Group 1 received 5 mg lutein and 1 mg zeaxanthin supplements, while Group 2 received 10 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin supplements. MPOD values before and 1 month after supplementation were compared in Group 1 and Group 2 subjects.
Results: The mean age was 34.0&amp;plusmn;6.9 years in group 1 and 33.4&amp;plusmn;6.8 years in group 2. The mean MPOD values of the right eyes of the subjects in group 1 before and 1 month after supplement treatment were 0.41&amp;plusmn;0.09 and 0.41&amp;plusmn;0.10, respectively. The mean MPOD values of the left eyes of the subjects in group 1 before and 1 month after supplement treatment were 0.44&amp;plusmn;0.14 and 0.42&amp;plusmn;0.12, respectively. The mean MPOD values of the right eyes of the subjects in group 2 before and 1 month after supplement treatment were 0.39&amp;plusmn;0.10 and 0.37&amp;plusmn;0.11, respectively. The mean MPOD values of the left eyes of the subjects in group 2 before and 1 month after supplement treatment were 0.41&amp;plusmn;0.12 and 0.39&amp;plusmn;0.11, respectively. The values were not statistically significant (p&amp;gt;0.05).
Conclusion: In healthy subjects, 5 mg lutein and 1 mg zeaxanthin supplementation (Group 1) and 10 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin supplementation (Group 2) had no statistically significant effect on MPOD at 1 month.
Keywords: Hetereochromatic flicker photometer, lutein, macular pigment optical density, zeaxanthin</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>166</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>170</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01711</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>hetereochromatic flicker photometer</keyword>
          <keyword>lutein</keyword>
          <keyword>macular pigment optical density</keyword>
          <keyword>zeaxanthin</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>Hasan</name>
          <surname>Altınkaynak</surname>
          <email>altinkaynak167@yahoo.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>KONYA ŞEHİR HASTANESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-4242-4245</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Osman</name>
          <surname>Sayın</surname>
          <email>drosmansayin@gmail.com</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Konya Şehir Hastanesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0001-5355-366X</ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>Çocuklarda coblator parsiyel tonsillektominin kazeoz tonsillite bağlı halitozis tedavisinde etkinliği</title>
        <abstract>Ama&amp;ccedil;: Ağız kokusu bireyi ve sosyal &amp;ccedil;evreyi etkileyen bir sorundur. Halitozisin en sık kaynağı oral kavitedir. Palatin tonsillerin kriptlerinde biriken kazeom halitozise neden olabilir. Palatin tonsil kazeomu tedavisinde total tonsillektomi veya koblator gibi aletlerle tonsil ablasyon cerrahileri yapılmaktadır. Bu retrospekrif &amp;ccedil;alışmanın amacı &amp;ccedil;ocuk hastalarda kronik kazeoz tonsillite bağlı halitozis tedavisinde coblator ile parsiyel tonsillektominin etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.
Hastalar ve Y&amp;ouml;ntem: Haziran 2016- Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında kronik kazeoz tonsillit nedeniyle coblator ile parsiyel tonsillektomi uygulanan 116 &amp;ccedil;ocuk &amp;ccedil;alışmaya alındı. Adenoid hipertrofisi olan ve eş zamanlı adenoidektomi ameliyatı yapılan hastalar &amp;ccedil;alışmaya dahil edilmedi. Operasyon &amp;ouml;ncesi ve sonrası koku olup olmadığı Finkelstein testi ile değerlendirildi. Koku şiddeti ise Viz&amp;uuml;el Analog Skala ile değerlendirildi. Postoperatif koku d&amp;uuml;zelme oranı ebeveynler i&amp;ccedil;in oluşturulan &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;ek ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların tamamında kazeom varlığı ameliyat &amp;ouml;ncesi teyit edildi. &amp;Ccedil;alışmaya dahil edilen hastaların yaş ortalaması 6,77 idi. &amp;Ccedil;alışmaya alınan olguların 65&amp;rsquo;i erkek; 51&amp;rsquo;i kızdı. Hastaların takip s&amp;uuml;resi 10 ile 43 ay arası (ort 25,9) değişmekteydi. Coblator tonsil ablasyonu &amp;ouml;ncesi Viz&amp;uuml;el Analog Skala ile &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;len k&amp;ouml;t&amp;uuml; koku d&amp;uuml;zeyi 6,97 iken, cerrahi sonrası 1,75 bulundu. Sonu&amp;ccedil;lar istatistiki olarak &amp;ccedil;ok anlamlı bulundu (p &amp;lt; 0,001). Finkelstein testinde tonsillerin palpe edilip hasta ebeveynine koklatılarak koku olup olmadığı soruldu. İşlem &amp;ouml;ncesi t&amp;uuml;m hastalarda Finkelstein testinde koku mevcuttu. Postoperatif hastaların %71&amp;rsquo;inde (n= 82) Finkelstein testinde koku saptanmadı. Annelere postop kokunun d&amp;uuml;zelme d&amp;uuml;zeyi soruldu. Ebeveynler tarafından Hastaların % 82&amp;rsquo;sinde (n= 95) kokunun tam ve tama yakın d&amp;uuml;zeldiği bildirildi. Hi&amp;ccedil; d&amp;uuml;zelme olmayan hastalar ise % 6 idi (n=7).
Sonu&amp;ccedil;: Coblator ile parsiyel tonsillektomi &amp;ccedil;ocuk hastalarda tonsil kazeomuna bağlı halitozis tedavisinde etkinliği y&amp;uuml;ksek ve g&amp;uuml;venli bir y&amp;ouml;ntemdir.
&amp;nbsp;Anahtar Kelimeler: Pediatrik halitozis, coblator, kazeom, tonsillit</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>155</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>158</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01788</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>pediatrik halitozis</keyword>
          <keyword>coblator</keyword>
          <keyword>kazeom</keyword>
          <keyword>tonsillit</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>The efficacy of tonsillar ablation with coblator in the treatment of pediatric halitosis due to chronic caseous tonsillitis.</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT
Aim: Halitosis is a condition that impacts both the individual and their social interactions. The most common source of halitosis is the oral cavity. Caseum accumulated in the crypts of the tonsils can cause halitosis. In treating tonsil caseum, total tonsillectomy or tonsil ablation surgeries are performed with instruments such as coblator. This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness of tonsil ablation with coblator in treating halitosis caused by caseous tonsillitis in children.
Patients and Methods: A total of 116 children who underwent tonsil coblation for caseous tonsillitis between June 2016 and June 2019 were included in the study. Patients who underwent simultaneous adenoidectomy were not included in the study. The presence of odor before and after the operation was evaluated using the Finkelstein test. The pre-operative and post-operative halitosis levels were evaluated with a Visual Analog Scale. The recovery levels were determined by the postoperative halitosis recovery scale.
Results: The presence of caseum was confirmed perioperatively in all patients. The mean age of the patients was 6.77 years, with 65 males and 51 females included in the study. The follow-up periods of the patients varied between 10 and 43 months (mean: 25.9). The level of halitosis on the visual analog scale before tonsil coblation was 6.97, and it was found to be 1.75 in the postoperative evaluation. The results were statistically significant (p&amp;lt; 0.001). The mothers were asked about recovery in postoperative halitosis levels. Mothers reported that 82% of patients (n = 95) had complete or nearly complete improvement in halitosis. 6% of patients (n = 7) showed no improvement.
Conclusion: Palatine tonsil coblation is an effective and safe method for the treatment of halitosis because of tonsil caseum.
Keywords: Pediatric halitosis, coblator, caseum, tonsillitis</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>155</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>158</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01788</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>pediatric halitosis</keyword>
          <keyword>coblator</keyword>
          <keyword>caseum</keyword>
          <keyword>tonsillitis.</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>Kayhan</name>
          <surname>Öztürk</surname>
          <email>kayhanozturkmd@yahoo.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Özel Medicana Hastanesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0001-8141-0965</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Bahri</name>
          <surname>Gezgin</surname>
          <email>nurdogan.ata@karatay.edu.tr</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Özel Medicana Hastanesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0003-3490-0392</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>NURDOĞAN</name>
          <surname>ATA</surname>
          <email>op.dr.na@gmail.com</email>
          <order>3</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-0763-0852</ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>Memenin Liposarkomatöz Diferansiasyon Gösteren Malign Filloides Tümörü, Nadir Bir Olgu</title>
        <abstract>Filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;rler nadir g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len fibroepitelyal neoplazmlardır ve t&amp;uuml;m meme t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;rlerinin %1&amp;#39;inden azını oluştururlar. Bu t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;rlerde nadiren heterolog sarkomat&amp;ouml;z farklılaşma izlenmekte olup &amp;ccedil;alışmamızda heterolog liposarkom komponenti i&amp;ccedil;eren filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r vakası sunulmaktadır. 86 yaşında kadın, sol memede hızla b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;yen kitle nedeniyle genel cerrahi polikliniğine başvurdu. Mammografik incelemede BI-RADS 4 nod&amp;uuml;ler lezyon tespit edilmiş olup filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r a&amp;ccedil;ısından ş&amp;uuml;pheli değerlendirildi. Laboratuvarımıza sol modifiye radikal mastektomi materyali g&amp;ouml;nderildi. Makroskopik incelemede meme dokusu kesitlerinde 9,5x9x8 cm &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;lerinde fokal infiltratif sınır izlenen nod&amp;uuml;ler kitle tespit edildi. Histolojik kesitlerde hipersell&amp;uuml;ler, pleomorfik stromaya sahip yer yer filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n tipik yapraksı mimarisinin saptandığı t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;ral lezyon dikkati &amp;ccedil;ekti. T&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;rde bir veya daha fazla vakuole sahip berrak sitoplazmalı, hiperkromatik n&amp;uuml;kleusa sahip lipoblast karakterinde h&amp;uuml;creleri i&amp;ccedil;eren iyi diferansiye liposarkom komponenti g&amp;ouml;zlendi. T&amp;uuml;m bulgular ışığında olgu, heterolog liposarkom komponenti i&amp;ccedil;eren malign filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r olarak raporlandı. Heterolog sarkomat&amp;ouml;z farklılaşma g&amp;ouml;steren filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;rler olduk&amp;ccedil;a nadir olup memede sarkomat&amp;ouml;z neoplazi g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml;nde ayırıcı tanıda filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r dikkate alınmalıdır. Sarkomat&amp;ouml;z farklılaşma g&amp;ouml;steren filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;, primer meme sarkomlarından ayırt edebilmek i&amp;ccedil;in, &amp;ccedil;ok sayıda &amp;ouml;rnek alınarak t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;n benign epitelyal bileşeninin g&amp;ouml;sterilmesi olduk&amp;ccedil;a &amp;ouml;nemlidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Filloides t&amp;uuml;m&amp;ouml;r, meme, liposarkom</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>202</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>204</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01798</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>filloides tümör</keyword>
          <keyword>meme</keyword>
          <keyword>liposarkom</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast with Liposarcomatous Differentiation, A Rare Case</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT 
Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms and comprise less than 1% of all breast tumors. Heterologous sarcomatous differentiation is rarely observed in phyllodes tumors and in this study, a case of phyllodes tumor containing heterologous liposarcoma component is presented. A rapidly expanding mass in the left breast of an 86-year-old woman led to her admission to the general surgery outpatient clinic. A BI-RADS 4 nodular lesion was detected in the mammographic examination and was evaluated as suspicious for phyllodes tumor. Left modified radical mastectomy material was sent to our laboratory. Macroscopic examination revealed a nodular mass measuring 9.5x9x8 cm with focal infiltrative borders in breast tissue sections. In histological sections, the tumoral lesion was noted to have hypercellular, pleomorphic stroma and in some places the typical leaf-like architecture of phyllodes tumor. A well-differentiated liposarcoma component was observed in the tumor, containing lipoblast-like cells with single and multiple vacuoles, clear cytoplasm, and hyperchromatic nuclei. In the light of all the findings, the case was reported as malignant phyllodes tumor containing heterologous liposarcoma component. Phyllodes tumors showing heterologous sarcomatous differentiation are quite rare and when sarcomatous neoplasia is seen in the breast, phyllodes tumor ought to be taken into account while making a differential diagnosis. In order to distinguish phyllodes tumor with sarcomatous differentiation from primary breast sarcomas, it is very important to show the benign epithelial component of the tumor by taking multiple samples.
Keywords: Phyllodes tumor, breast, liposarcoma</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>202</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>204</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01798</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>phyllodes tumor</keyword>
          <keyword>breast</keyword>
          <keyword>liposarcoma</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>Hasan</name>
          <surname>Yaldız</surname>
          <email>drhasanyaldiz@gmail.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Aksaray Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0001-9735-2368</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>SEDA</name>
          <surname>TAS AYÇİÇEK</surname>
          <email>ssedatas@hotmail.com</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Aksaray Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0001-6756-7915</ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>Yeniden Hipospadias Onarımı: Cerrahi Tekniklerin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi ve Hiperbarik Oksijen Tedavisinin Rolü</title>
        <abstract>Ama&amp;ccedil;: Hipospadias onarımında ama&amp;ccedil;, fonksiyonel ve kozmetik olarak normal bir penis elde etmektir. Başarısız vakalar i&amp;ccedil;in yapılan yeniden onarım, rekonstr&amp;uuml;ktif &amp;uuml;rolojide en zorlu işlemlerden biridir.Komplikasyon ve başarısızlık riskleri primer vakalara g&amp;ouml;re daha y&amp;uuml;ksektir. Hiperbarik oksijen terapisi (HBOT ), uygun endikasyonlarla se&amp;ccedil;ilmiş hastalara uygulanarak doku iyileşmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada yeniden hipospadias onarımı yapılan hastaların cerrahi tipi ve HBOT uygulanıp uygulanmamasına g&amp;ouml;re karşılaştırmalı sonu&amp;ccedil;larını sunmayı ama&amp;ccedil;ladık.
Hastalar ve Y&amp;ouml;ntem: Bu retrospektif klinik &amp;ccedil;alışma, Ocak 2021 ile 2024 tarihleri arasında başarısız hipospadias cerrahisi sonrası tarafımıza başvurup yeniden onarım ge&amp;ccedil;iren 0-17 yaş arası hastaları i&amp;ccedil;ermektedir. Preoperatif, peroperatif ve postoperatif veriler, operasyon t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;ne ve HBOT alımına g&amp;ouml;re analiz edilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yeniden operasyon ge&amp;ccedil;iren 34 hastanın i&amp;ccedil;inde, 4&amp;#39;&amp;uuml; TIPU onarımı, 20&amp;#39;si tek aşamalı G-TIPU ve 10&amp;#39;u iki aşamalı onarım ge&amp;ccedil;irmiştir. TIPU ve G-TIPU grubundaki hastaların ortalama yaşları 6,5&amp;plusmn;3,8 yıl, aşamalı onarım grubundaki hastaların ortalama yaşları ise 9,7&amp;plusmn;5,6 yıl idi (p=0,070). Kordi d&amp;uuml;zeltmesi en sık TIPU ve G-TIPU grubunda Baskin plikasyonu ile yapılmıştır (n=9), iki aşamalı grupta ise Essed-Schroder plikasyonu (n=3) ve ventral korporatomi (n=3) teknikleri daha sık kullanmıştır (p=0.004). Postoperatif HOSE skorları &amp;ouml;nemli &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de artış g&amp;ouml;stermiştir (preop HOSE: 8.5&amp;plusmn;2.9, postop HOSE: 13.6&amp;plusmn;1.6, p=&amp;lt;0.001). Gruplar arasında başarı oranlarında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamış olup, genel başarı oranı %76.5&amp;#39;tir. Greftli onarım yapılan hastaların 11&amp;#39;i (%36.7) postoperatif d&amp;ouml;nemde HBOT almıştır. HBOT grubunda başarı oranları daha y&amp;uuml;ksek olmakla birlikte aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir (n=9 (%81.8) vs. n=13 (%68.4), p=0.137).
Sonu&amp;ccedil;: Yeniden onarım yapılan vakalarda, greftli onarımın tek aşamalı veya iki aşamalı yaklaşımla kullanılması, klinik ve cerrahi değerlendirmelere dayanmalıdır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da, se&amp;ccedil;ilmiş vakalarda greft kullanımının başarıyı potansiyel olarak artırabileceği ve HBOT eklenmesiyle komplikasyonları azaltabileceği d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hipospadias, yeniden onarım, bukkal greft, prep&amp;uuml;syel greft, hiperbarik oksijen tedavisi (HBOT), &amp;ccedil;ocuk &amp;uuml;rolojisi</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>192</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>198</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01761</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>hipospadias</keyword>
          <keyword>yeniden onarım</keyword>
          <keyword>bukkal greft</keyword>
          <keyword>prepüsyel greft</keyword>
          <keyword>çocuk ürolojisi</keyword>
          <keyword>hiperbarik oksijen tedavisi</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>Re-do Hypospadias Repair: Comparative Analysis of Surgical Techniques and the Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT
Aim: Re-do hypospadias surgery is among the most challenging in reconstructive urology, with higher risks of complications and failure compared to primary cases. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT ) can be applied on a patient-specific basis with appropriate indications to contribute to postoperative tissue healing. We aimed to present our surgical outcomes and comperative results based on receiving and non receiving HBOT patients who underwent re-do hypospadias repair
Patients and Methods: This retrospective clinical study included the patients aged 0-17 who had undergone unsuccessful hypospadias surgery and were subsequently re-operated between January 2021 and 2024. Preoperative, peroperative and postoperative data were analysed and compared according to operation type and HBOT receiving.
Results: Among the 34 patients who underwent reoperation, 4 underwent TIPU repair, 20 underwent single-stage G-TIPU, and 10 underwent two staged repair. The mean ages of patients were 6.5&amp;plusmn;3.8 years in the TIPU and G-TIPU group, and 9.7&amp;plusmn;5,6 years in the staged repair group (p=0.070). Chordee repair was most commonly performed using Baskin plication in the TIPU and G-TIPU groups (n=9), while in the staged group, Essed-Schroder plication (n=3) and ventral corporatomy (n=3) techniques were more frequent (p=0.004). Postoperative HOSE scores showed a significant increase (preop HOSE: 8.5&amp;plusmn;2.9, postop HOSE: 13.6&amp;plusmn;1.6, p=&amp;lt;0.001). There was no significant difference in success rates between groups, with an overall success rate of 76.5%. Eleven (36.7%) of the patients who underwent graft repair received HBOT in the postoperative period. While success rates were higher in the HBOT group, the difference was not statistically significant (n=9 (81.8%) vs. n=13 (68.4%), p=0.137).
Conclusion: For re-do cases, the decision on using graft-based repair in a single-stage or two-stage approach should be based on clinical and surgical evaluation. Although not statistically significant, the use of grafts in selected cases is believed to potentially enhance success and reduce complications with the addition of HBOT.
Keywords: Hypospadias re-do hypospadias surgery, buccal graft, preputial graft, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT ), pediatric urology</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>192</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>198</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01761</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>hypospadias</keyword>
          <keyword>re-do hypospadias</keyword>
          <keyword>buccal graft</keyword>
          <keyword>preputial graft</keyword>
          <keyword>hyperbaric oxygen therapy</keyword>
          <keyword>pediatric urology</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>Bilge</name>
          <surname>Türedi</surname>
          <email>blgtrd@gmail.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>KONYA ŞEHİR HASTANESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0003-3532-0912</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Abdullah</name>
          <surname>Arslan</surname>
          <email>arsabdullah@gmail.com</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>
          </ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Ali</name>
          <surname>Sezer</surname>
          <email>alisezer21@gmail.com</email>
          <order>3</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>KONYA ŞEHİR HASTANESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0003-2904-2610</ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>Pediatrik Brusellozun Sıra Dışı Sunumları: Tek Bir Merkezden Bir Vaka Serisi</title>
        <abstract>Ama&amp;ccedil;: Bu &amp;ccedil;alışma, nadir ve ciddi komplikasyonlarla ilişkili on pediatrik bruselloz vakasını bildirmeyi ama&amp;ccedil;lamaktadır.
Hastalar ve Y&amp;ouml;ntemler: Belgelenen klinik semptomlar, laboratuvar test sonu&amp;ccedil;ları, tanı ve tedavi y&amp;ouml;ntemleri, 2018 ile 2021 yılları arasında brusellozun nadir komplikasyonlarıyla başvuran on pediatrik hasta i&amp;ccedil;in hastane dosyalarının retrospektif olarak incelenmesi ile elde edildi.
Bulgular: &amp;Ccedil;alışmaya dahil edilen hastalardan birinde diskit, &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil; hastada epididimo-orşit, iki hastada tek g&amp;ouml;zde ezotropya, bir hastada imm&amp;uuml;n trombositopeni, iki hastada hemofagositik lenfohistiyositoz tanısı vardı ve bir hastaya da juvenil idiyopatik artrit tanısı yanlış olarak konmuştu. T&amp;uuml;m vakalarda ortak bulgu, t&amp;uuml;m hastalarda ondulan olarak karakterize edilen ateşti. T&amp;uuml;m &amp;ccedil;ocuklarda pozitif etiyolojik veya serolojik kanıt bruselloz enfeksiyonunu doğruladı ve Brucella i&amp;ccedil;in standart t&amp;uuml;p agl&amp;uuml;tinasyon testi 1:160 veya daha y&amp;uuml;ksek titrede pozitifti ve iki hastada kan k&amp;uuml;lt&amp;uuml;rleri de pozitifti. T&amp;uuml;m hastalar yaşa g&amp;ouml;re ayarlanmış dozlarda rifampisin (10-20 mg/kg/g&amp;uuml;n, oral) ile trimetoprim/s&amp;uuml;lfametoksazol (trimetoprim 10 mg/kg/g&amp;uuml;n ve s&amp;uuml;lfametoksazol 50 mg/kg/g&amp;uuml;n) veya doksisiklin (4,4 mg/kg/g&amp;uuml;n, oral) kombinasyonu ile tedavi edildi. Yedi hastaya gentamisin (5-7,5 mg/kg/g&amp;uuml;n, intraven&amp;ouml;z) ile ek tedavi uygulandı ve iki hastada tedaviye seftriakson (100 mg/kg/g&amp;uuml;n) eklendi. Hemofagositik lenfohistiyositoz geliştiren iki hastadan biri yoğun bakım &amp;uuml;nitesinde tedavi edildi ve her iki hastaya da bruselloz tedavisinin yanı sıra hemofagositik lenfohistiyositoz i&amp;ccedil;in &amp;ouml;nerilen ek tedavi (intraven&amp;ouml;z imm&amp;uuml;nglobulin 1 gr/kg/g&amp;uuml;n, 2 g&amp;uuml;n; deksametazon 10mg/m2/g&amp;uuml;n) uygulandı. Sonunda dokuz hasta sağlıklı bir şekilde taburcu edildi, bir hasta ise komplikasyonlar sonucu &amp;ouml;ld&amp;uuml;.
Sonu&amp;ccedil;: Brucella enfeksiyonunun yaygın olduğu b&amp;ouml;lgelerde, alışılmadık komplikasyonlara sahip pediatrik hastalardaki klinik belirtilerin bruselloz ile ilişkili olabileceğini ve diğer hastalıklardan ayırt etmek i&amp;ccedil;in dikkatli bir ayırıcı tanı gerektirdiğini d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nmek &amp;ouml;nemlidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bruselloz, &amp;ccedil;ocuklar, diskitis, epididimo-orşit, hemofagositik lenfohistiyositoz, imm&amp;uuml;n trombositopeni, juvenil idiyopatik artrit, n&amp;ouml;robruselloz</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>177</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>184</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01797</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>bruselloz</keyword>
          <keyword>çocuklar</keyword>
          <keyword>diskitis</keyword>
          <keyword>epididimo-orşit</keyword>
          <keyword>hemofagositik lenfohistiyositoz</keyword>
          <keyword>immün trombositopeni</keyword>
          <keyword>juvenil idiyopatik artrit</keyword>
          <keyword>nörobruselloz.</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>Unusual Presentations of Pediatric Brucellosis: A Case Series from a Single Center</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT
Purpose: This study aims to report ten cases of pediatric brucellosis associated with rare and severe complications.
Patients and Methods: Documented clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, diagnosis, and treatment methods were retrospectively reviewed for 10 pediatric patients who presented with rare complications of brucellosis between 2018 and 2021.
Results: One of the patients included in the study had discitis, three had epididymo-orchitis, two had esotropia in one eye, one patient had immune thrombocytopenia, two patients had hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and one patient was misdiagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A common finding in all cases was fever, which was characterized as undulant in all patients. All children positive etiological or serological evidence confirmed the brucellosis infection and the standard tube agglutination test for Brucella was positive at a titer of 1:160 or higher, and blood cultures were also positive in two patients. All patients were treated with age-adjusted doses of rifampicin (10-20 mg/kg/day, orally), in combination with either trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (trimethoprim 10 mg/kg/day and sulfamethoxazole 50 mg/kg/day) or doxycycline (4.4 mg/kg/day, orally). Seven patients received additional treatment with gentamicin (5-7.5 mg/kg/day, intravenously) and ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg/day) was added to the treatment in two patients. One of the two patients who developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was treated in the intensive care unit, and both patients received additional treatment recommended for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [intravenous immunoglobulin 1 gr/kg/day, for 2 days; dexamethasone 10 mg/m2 /day] alongside brucellosis treatment. Eventually, nine patients were discharged in good health, while one patient died as a result of complications.
Conclusion: In regions where Brucella infection is prevalent, it is important to consider that clinical manifestations in pediatric patients with unusual complications may be associated with brucellosis, warranting a careful differential diagnosis to distinguish it from other diseases.
Keywords: Brucellosis, children, discitis, epididymo-orchitis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, immune thrombocytopenia, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, neurobrucellosis</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>177</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>184</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01797</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>brucellosis</keyword>
          <keyword>children</keyword>
          <keyword>discitis</keyword>
          <keyword>epididymo-orchitis</keyword>
          <keyword>hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis</keyword>
          <keyword>ımmune thrombocytopenia</keyword>
          <keyword>juvenile idiopathic arthritis</keyword>
          <keyword>neurobrucellosis.</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>mehmet</name>
          <surname>turgut</surname>
          <email>drmehmetturgut@yahoo.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>adiyaman üniversitesi tıp fakültesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-2155-8113</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>hatice</name>
          <surname>uygun</surname>
          <email>ozhanhatice@hotmail.com</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-8695-9129</ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
    <article>
      <type>ORIGINAL_ARTICLE</type>
      <languageVersion language="tr">
        <title>Susac Sendromu Olan Hastada Akut Koroner Sendrom:Olgu Sunumu</title>
        <abstract>Susac sendromu beyin, i&amp;ccedil; kulak ve retinadaki mikrovask&amp;uuml;ler hasara sekonder geliştiği d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;lmekte olup nadir g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;len bir hastalıktır. Patogenezinde anti endotelyal h&amp;uuml;cre antikorlarının rol oynadığı g&amp;ouml;z &amp;ouml;n&amp;uuml;ne alındığında tedavi b&amp;uuml;y&amp;uuml;k &amp;ouml;l&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;de imm&amp;uuml;ns&amp;uuml;presif ila&amp;ccedil;lar ile sağlanmaktadır. Sendromun tedavisine erken başlanması ve agresif tedavi, uzun vadeli sonu&amp;ccedil;lar &amp;uuml;zerinde olumlu etkiye sahiptir. Susac sendromunun tromboza yatkınlık oluşturduğuna dair net bir kanıt bulunmamakla birlikte, olgumuzda g&amp;ouml;ğ&amp;uuml;s ağrısı şikayeti ile başvuran, bilinen Susac sendromu tanısı olan ve akut koroner sendrom &amp;ouml;n tanısı ile koroner anjiyografi yapılan bir hastada revask&amp;uuml;larizasyon gerektirecek ciddi koroner arter hastalığının saptanması bu d&amp;uuml;ş&amp;uuml;nceyi desteklemektedir. Hastada uygun revask&amp;uuml;larizasyon sağlandıktan sonra şikayetleri gerilemiş ve takiplerinde tekrar revask&amp;uuml;larizasyon gereksinimi olmamıştır. Bu olgu sunumunda Susac sendromlu hastada revask&amp;uuml;larizasyon s&amp;uuml;recinde yaşanan zorluklar, alınan kararlar ve diğer alternatif yaklaşımlar g&amp;ouml;zden ge&amp;ccedil;irilecektir. Olgumuz Susac sendromu ile akut koroner sendromun birlikteliği a&amp;ccedil;ısından literat&amp;uuml;rde ilk olma &amp;ouml;zelliği taşımaktadır. Susac sendromunu ve kardiyak etkilerini aydınlatmak i&amp;ccedil;in daha fazla vaka raporuna ihtiya&amp;ccedil; vardır.&amp;nbsp;
Anahtar Kelimeler: Akut Koroner Sendrom,Susac Sendromu,Koroner Arter Hastalığı</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>199</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>201</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01724</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>akut koroner sendrom</keyword>
          <keyword>susac sendromu</keyword>
          <keyword>koroner arter hastalığı</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <languageVersion language="en">
        <title>Acute Coronary Syndrome In Patient With Susac Syndrome:Case Report</title>
        <abstract>ABSTRACT 
Susac syndrome is a rare disease thought to develop secondary to microvascular damage in the brain, inner ear, and retina. Considering that anti-endothelial cell antibodies are involved in its pathogenesis, treatment is largely provided with immunosuppressant drugs. Early initiation of treatment and aggressive therapy have a positive effect on long-term outcomes. Although there is no clear evidence that Susac syndrome creates a predisposition to thrombosis, in our case, the detection of significant coronary artery disease that would require revascularization in a patient diagnosed with Susac syndrome who presented with acute coronary syndrome clinic supports this idea. In this case report, the difficulties in the revascularization process, the decisions made, and other alternative approaches in the patient with Susac syndrome will be reviewed. Our case is the first in the literature to describe the coexistence of Susac syndrome and acute coronary syndrome. More case reports are needed to further elucidate Susac syndrome and its cardiac effects.
Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome,Susac Syndrome,Coronary Artery Disease</abstract>
        <publicationDate>2024-12-27</publicationDate>
        <pageFrom>199</pageFrom>
        <pageTo>201</pageTo>
        <doi>10.30733/std.2024.01724</doi>
        <keywords>
          <keyword>acute coronary syndrome</keyword>
          <keyword>susac syndrome</keyword>
          <keyword>coronary artery disease</keyword>
        </keywords>
      </languageVersion>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <name>Şener</name>
          <surname>GÜR</surname>
          <email>drgursener@hotmail.com</email>
          <order>1</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0009-0002-4009-6791</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>AHMET TAHA</name>
          <surname>ŞAHİN</surname>
          <email>tahasahin94@gmail.com</email>
          <order>2</order>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-2928-1059</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>Serhat</name>
          <surname>Kesriklioğlu</surname>
          <email>drserhatk@gmail.com</email>
          <order>3</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KARDİYOLOJİ AD</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-1612-6359</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>yunus</name>
          <surname>yavuz</surname>
          <email>yemre91@icloud.com</email>
          <order>4</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>Siirt Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Siirt</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>0000-0002-9901-8141</ORCID>
        </author>
        <author>
          <name>AHMET</name>
          <surname>GÜRBÜZ</surname>
          <email>ahmetseyfeddingurbuz@hotmail.com</email>
          <order>5</order>
          <instituteAffiliation>NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</instituteAffiliation>
          <role>AUTHOR</role>
          <ORCID>
          </ORCID>
        </author>
      </authors>
    </article>
  </issue>
</ici-import>